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When Models Lie, We Learn: Multilingual Span-Level Hallucination Detection with PsiloQA

Rykov, Elisei, Petrushina, Kseniia, Savkin, Maksim, Olisov, Valerii, Vazhentsev, Artem, Titova, Kseniia, Panchenko, Alexander, Konovalov, Vasily, Belikova, Julia

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Hallucination detection remains a fundamental challenge for the safe and reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs), especially in applications requiring factual accuracy. Existing hallucination benchmarks often operate at the sequence level and are limited to English, lacking the fine-grained, multilingual supervision needed for a comprehensive evaluation. In this work, we introduce PsiloQA, a large-scale, multilingual dataset annotated with span-level hallucinations across 14 languages. PsiloQA is constructed through an automated three-stage pipeline: generating question-answer pairs from Wikipedia using GPT-4o, eliciting potentially hallucinated answers from diverse LLMs in a no-context setting, and automatically annotating hallucinated spans using GPT-4o by comparing against golden answers and retrieved context. We evaluate a wide range of hallucination detection methods -- including uncertainty quantification, LLM-based tagging, and fine-tuned encoder models -- and show that encoder-based models achieve the strongest performance across languages. Furthermore, PsiloQA demonstrates effective cross-lingual generalization and supports robust knowledge transfer to other benchmarks, all while being significantly more cost-efficient than human-annotated datasets. Our dataset and results advance the development of scalable, fine-grained hallucination detection in multilingual settings.


Classification problem in liability insurance using machine learning models: a comparative study

Qazvini, Marjan

arXiv.org Machine Learning

The insurance company uses different factors to classify the policyholders. In this study, we apply several machine learning models such as nearest neighbour and logistic regression to the Actuarial Challenge dataset used by Qazvini (2019) to classify liability insurance policies into two groups: 1 - policies with claims and 2 - policies without claims. The applications of Machine Learning (ML) models and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in areas such as medical diagnosis, economics, banking, fraud detection, agriculture, etc, have been known for quite a number of years. ML models have changed these industries remarkably. However, despite their high predictive power and their capability to identify nonlinear transformations and interactions between variables, they are slowly being introduced into the insurance industry and actuarial fields.